Imamat 16:15-30
Konteks16:15 “He must then slaughter the sin offering goat which is for the people. He is to bring its blood inside the veil-canopy, 1 and he is to do with its blood just as he did to the blood of the bull: He is to sprinkle it on the atonement plate and in front of the atonement plate. 16:16 So 2 he is to make atonement for the holy place from the impurities of the Israelites and from their transgressions with regard to all their sins, 3 and thus he is to do for the Meeting Tent which resides with them in the midst of their impurities. 16:17 Nobody is to be in the Meeting Tent 4 when he enters to make atonement in the holy place until he goes out, and he has made atonement on his behalf, on behalf of his household, and on behalf of the whole assembly of Israel.
16:18 “Then 5 he is to go out to the altar which is before the Lord and make atonement for it. He is to take 6 some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat, and put it all around on the horns of the altar. 16:19 Then he is to sprinkle on it some of the blood with his finger seven times, and cleanse and consecrate it 7 from the impurities of the Israelites.
16:20 “When he has finished purifying the holy place, 8 the Meeting Tent, and the altar, he is to present the live goat. 16:21 Aaron is to lay his two hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities of the Israelites and all their transgressions in regard to all their sins, 9 and thus he is to put them 10 on the head of the goat and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man standing ready. 11 16:22 The goat is to bear on itself all their iniquities into an inaccessible land, 12 so he is to send the goat away 13 in the wilderness.
16:23 “Aaron must then enter 14 the Meeting Tent and take off the linen garments which he had put on when he entered the sanctuary, and leave them there. 16:24 Then he must bathe his body in water in a holy place, put on his clothes, and go out and make his burnt offering and the people’s burnt offering. So he is to make atonement 15 on behalf of himself and the people. 16
16:25 “Then he is to offer up the fat of the sin offering 17 in smoke on the altar, 16:26 and the one who sent the goat away to Azazel 18 must wash his clothes, bathe his body in water, and afterward he may reenter the camp. 16:27 The bull of the sin offering and the goat of the sin offering, whose blood was brought to make atonement in the holy place, must be brought outside the camp 19 and their hide, their flesh, and their dung must be burned up, 20 16:28 and the one who burns them must wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may reenter the camp.
16:29 “This is to be a perpetual statute for you. 21 In the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you must humble yourselves 22 and do no work of any kind, 23 both the native citizen and the foreigner who resides 24 in your midst, 16:30 for on this day atonement is to be made for you to cleanse you from all your sins; you must be clean before the Lord. 25
[16:15] 1 tn Heb “and he shall bring its blood into from house to the veil-canopy.”
[16:16] 2 tn Heb “And.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative or even inferential force here.
[16:16] 3 tn Heb “to all their sins.”
[16:17] 4 tn Heb “And all man shall not be in the tent of meeting.” The term for “a man, human being” (אָדָם, ’adam; see the note on Lev 1:2) refers to any person among “mankind,” male or female.
[16:18] 5 tn Heb “And.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) indicates the sequence of events here.
[16:18] 6 tn Heb “And he shall take.”
[16:19] 7 tn Heb “and he shall purify it and he shall consecrate it.”
[16:20] 8 tn Heb “And he shall finish from atoning the holy place.” In this case, the “holy place” etc. are direct objects of the verb “to atone” (cf. v. 33a below). In this case, therefore, the basic meaning of the verb (i.e., “to purge” or “wipe clean”) comes to the forefront. When the prepositions עַל (’al) or בֲּעַד (ba’ad) occur with the verb כִּפֶּר (kipper) the purging is almost always being done “for” or “on behalf of” priests or people (see the note on Lev 1:4 as well as R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:698, the literature cited there, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 110, for more details).
[16:21] 9 tn Heb “transgressions to all their sins.”
[16:21] 10 tn Heb “and he shall give them.”
[16:21] 11 tn The meaning of the Hebrew term עִתִּי (’itti) is uncertain. It is apparently related to עֵת (’et, “time”), and could perhaps mean either that he has been properly “appointed” (i.e., designated) for the task (e.g., NIV and NRSV) or “ready” (e.g., NASB and NEB).
[16:22] 12 tn The Hebrew term rendered “inaccessible” derives from a root meaning “to cut off” (cf. NAB “an isolated region”). Another possible translation would be “infertile land” (see HALOT 187 s.v. *גָּזֵּר and cf. NRSV “a barren region”; NLT “a desolate land.”
[16:22] 13 tn Heb “and he [the man (standing) ready, v. 21] shall send the goat away.”
[16:23] 14 tn Heb “And Aaron shall enter.”
[16:24] 15 tn Heb “And he shall make atonement.”
[16:24] 16 tn Heb “on behalf of himself and on behalf of the people.” After “on behalf of himself” the LXX adds the expected “and on behalf of his household” (cf. vv. 6, 11, and 17).
[16:25] 17 tn Heb “And the fat of the sin offering he is to offer up.”
[16:26] 18 tn For “Azazel” see the note on v. 8 above.
[16:27] 19 tn Heb “he shall bring into from outside to the camp.”
[16:27] 20 tn Heb “they shall burn with fire”; KJV “burn in the fire.” Because “to burn with fire” is redundant in contemporary English the present translation simply has “must be burned up.”
[16:29] 21 tn Heb “And it [feminine] shall be for you a perpetual statute.” Verse 34 begins with the same clause except for the missing demonstrative pronoun “this” here in v. 29. The LXX has “this” in both places and it suits the sense of the passage, although both the verb and the pronoun are sometimes missing in this clause elsewhere in the book (see, e.g., Lev 3:17).
[16:29] 22 tn Heb “you shall humble your souls.” The verb “to humble” here refers to various forms of self-denial, including but not limited to fasting (cf. Ps 35:13 and Isa 58:3, 10). The Mishnah (m. Yoma 8:1) lists abstentions from food and drink, bathing, using oil as an unguent to moisten the skin, wearing leather sandals, and sexual intercourse (cf. 2 Sam 12:16-17, 20; see the remarks in J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:1054; B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 109; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 242).
[16:29] 23 tn Heb “and all work you shall not do.”
[16:29] 24 tn Heb “the native and the sojourner who sojourns.”
[16:30] 25 tn The phrase “from all your sins” could go with the previous clause as the verse is rendered here (see, e.g., B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 109, and J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:1011), or it could go with the following clause (i.e., “you shall be clean from all your sins before the
